Scientists have enormous contribution in the advancement of
human civilization. Throughout the history of the world, many scientists have
dedicated their lives for research and innovation. Some of them even faced a
lot of torture for their theories but they continued their mission and thus we
are now in a modern world. I have made a list of 10 great scientists in the
history. Well, naturally, I had to leave out a lot of great figures. However, I
feel that my list represents some of the greatest scientists ever.
Aristotle
Aristotle is the Great philosopher who had a vast knowledge
in different disciplines. Studying different subject he contributed a lot in
each of those subjects. He contributed in physics, poetry, zoology, logic,
rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, and biology. This laurel Greek
philosopher was born in Stagira in 384 BC. His father Nicomachus was a physician
to the king Amyntas III of Macedon’s court and it is believed that their
ancestors also held this position. Earlier in his life he was taught by his
father at home and the medical knowledge he got from his father led him to
investigate natural phenomenon later on. At the age of 18 he admitted in to the
young Greek aristocracy run by Plato, another Great Greek philosopher, and
Aristotle became the most favorite student of Plato.
As a scientist Aristotle made a good contribution which was
very influential for the development of the science over the year. Mainly he
spent most of his life researching the natural science and he did the
researches without making reference to the Mathematics which was later proven
as the weakness of his research by the scientists. His natural science oriented
research includes botany, zoology, physics, astronomy, chemistry, and
meteorology, geometry and many more. He was also the teacher of the Great
warrior Alexander the Great. This great philosopher died n 322 BC.
Sir Isaac Newton
Newton was also a man of versatile quality. He was
physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, and natural philosopher in a
row. His contribution in the development of science is a special one. He I best
known for his explanation of Universal Gravitation and three laws of motion,
and he was able to prove that the reason of both the motion of objects on Earth
and of celestial bodies are controlled by the same Neutral laws. These findings
could make a revolutionary change in the development of science. In mechanical
science his great contribution was in optics. He could make a reflecting
telescope. He also made some research on light and stars. His research on
General binomial Theorem helped to be introduced today’s Calculus.
Newton was born to a farmer family but before three months
of his birth his father died and then he was brought up to his maternal
grandmother as her mother remarried. Newton could show his talent from his
early life in The King’s School in Grantham and later he joined to the
Cambridge University where he took his higher degrees.
Galileo Galilei
Galileo is considered as one of the greatest contributor to
the development of Science. It is undoubtedly true that Galileo could first
helped science to come out of the trend of Aristotle. He was physicist,
astronomer, and philosopher and his best known contributions lie in the
development of Telescope, first two laws of motion and also in Astronomy. He is
also considered as the father of astronomy, father of physics and father of
science.
He was born to a mathematician and musician father Vincenzo
Galilei and his mother was Giulia Ammannati in Italy. He was taught form his
very early life. He was the first scientist who followed the way of
quantitative experiments in his research where the result was based on
mathematics. He had to suffer a lot from the church for his theories.
Charles Robert Darwin
There can be debate about whether Charles Darwin (12
February 1809 – 19 April 1882) is the greatest scientist of all time but there
is no doubt that he is the most controversial scientist of all time. On the
Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859)- this is the book that
has made Darwin immortal in the world history. This book has changed the course
of science radically. It is perhaps an irony that Darwin studied theology and
instead of becoming a clergy, he became naturalist.
Darwin went to different parts of the world and carried out
extensive research. His theory about origin of human beings caused widespread
controversy. Darwin stated that human beings have evolved through many changes
and survival of the fittest was in important factor in the development of
animal world. Darwin’s theory still causes passionate debate among his
supporters and opponents.
Albert Einstein
Einstein is the great scientist of the twentieth century and
notable physicist of all time. It is told that he had learning disability in
his childhood. He could not talk till he was three and could not read till he
was eight. Despite such problems he later became the noble prize winner for his
contribution to the Physics. His theory of relativity is considered as a
revolutionary development of Physics. He got Noble Prize in Physics in 1921 for
his explanation of the Photoelectric Effect and for his research in Theoretical
physics.
Thomas Edison
Edison is the great inventor who has over 1000 patents and
his inventions are in various fields used in our daily life. In his early life
he was thought to have a learning disability and he could not read till he was
twelve and later he himself admitted that he became deaf after pulling up to a
train car by his ears. He first could able to turn the attention of the world
after inventing Phonograph. His one of the most popular invention is the
Electric Bulb. He also developed the telegraph system. His invention of carbon
telephone transmitter developed the carbon microphone which was used in the
telephoned till 1980. He also became a prominent businessman and his business
institution produced his inventions and marketed the products to the general
people.
Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta
Volta was Italian physicist and he is best known for his
contribution to the development of electric battery. This benevolent scientist
is also regarded as one of the founder of the electric age. His parents sent
him to the Jesuit school intending to make him a Jurist. He also taught in the
University of Pavia for 25 year. After that in 1800 he could make voltaic pile
which could produce steady electric current. He then worked on to develop the
electric bulb. For his work in the electric development he was given a count by
Napoleon. Emperor of Austria honored him naming him a professor of Philosophy
at Padova. For his honor an electric unit Volt was named after him.
Stephen Hawking
This famous scientist is considered as the greatest
scientist of the twentieth century after Einstein. Haw king’s big bang theory
and black hole theory has turned the attention of the world. He is the
professor of Mathematics of the University of Cambridge. Though he is now about
to be paralyzed, he is teaching through a computer supported a machine by which
his world are compiled. His physical illness could not make him stop form his
research. His famous book is “A Brief History of Time”.
Louis Pasteur
He is one of the most famous contributors in the medical
science. He first introduced the germ theory of diseases. This is regarded as
the base of today’s microbiology. He found out some of the notion of the
microbe and he could find out that the viruses were not detectable through
microscope. Another important contribution of Pasteur is to protect harmful
microbes in a way called “Pasteurization” where harmful microbes are destroyed
by hitting the food. He is undoubtedly the most influential scientist in
medical science.
Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose
He was the first renowned Bengali scientist who had an
important contribution in the invention of Radio and microwave optics. He was
born in Mymensingh in Bengal which is the current Munshiganj District in
Bangladesh. He studied in Hare school in Kolkata and then he got his B.A. in
Science degree from Calcutta University. Then he went to England and got a B.A.
degree from Cambridge University and a B.Sc. from London University. After
coming back to the country he started teaching Physics in the Presidency
College at Kolkata. In his teaching career he had to prove his quality and
talent as he was the first Indian to teach Science at the college. In 1894 he started
to research on Radio wave to make wireless communication equipments. At the
same time Italy’s Marconi also was researching on this project. He first
invented "iron-mercury-iron coherer with telephone detector" and he
is the first person to use a semiconductor junction to catch the radio waves.
It is said that his work on millimeter wavelength made him 50 years ahead.
Considering such things it is said that he was the real inventor of Radio but
due to his less seriousness towards patent and the communication gap made
Marconi to be regarded as the inventor of Radio.
After that he contributed in plant where he could make some
vital theory of ascent of sap. In this research he showed that some living
cells in the endodermis junction are the reason for the ascent of sap.
Guglielmo Marchese Marconi
Marconi is a Nobel laureate physicist from Italy. He is best
known for his invention of Radio and he first introduced wireless telegraph
system. He was born to a landowner father Giuseppe Marconi and his mother was
Annie Jameson. He was very interested to science form his early life. He
initially started working on electromagnetic wave or radio waves invented by
Heinrich Hertz. Then after a long research he could figure out such a
technology to communicate without wire. After his invention, he marketed this
equipment for the commercial purpose and at that time he got a competitor free
market in the U.S
No comments:
Post a Comment